[Mathematics] Dyadic Products, Tensor Operations, and Surface Geometry in Euclidean Space

We collect working formulas for dyadic (outer) products, the double-dot contraction of tensors, and tensor–vector cross products expressed with the Levi-Civita symbol, and we recall the construction of surface elements in spherical coordinates. We also note some standard Levi-Civita identities and briefly relate tensor gradients and variational increments to familiar differential operators.

Mathematics

[Mathematics] Levi-Civita Symbol, Cross and Wedge Products, Hodge Star, and Metric Components

We review the Levi-Civita symbol in arbitrary dimension, its role in defining the cross product and wedge product, introduce the Hodge star on differential forms, and clarify the relation between metric components, coordinate bases, and orthonormal frames (with spherical coordinates as a concrete example).

Mathematics